Kolhn Cathedral. Old photographs.

Have a look at these photographs. What do they have in common? Explain how your answer is possible. Search for information on-line.
What river can  you see in the pictures?

Palencia Cathedral. "The unknown beautiful".

 

 

 

Apse.

 

Bishop´s gate.

 Choir fence.

 

Major Altarpiece

 

Kings Chapel.

Gothic Sculpture.

 

Anunciation and Visitation. Reims Cathedral. 

 Crowning of the Virgin. Notre Dame.Paris.

*ARTISTIC REPRESENTATIONS IN THE MIDDLE AGES HAD A SPECIFIC ORDER AND WERE FULL OF SYMBOLS THAT WERE ESTABLISHED IN A PRECISE CODE.

*IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY THEM, IT WAS NECESSARY TO SET THE RIGHT HIERARCHY ACCORDING TO THEIR IMPORTANCE AND TO KNOW THE FIGURES AND OTHER SYMBOLS.

1. Identification of the importance of the scenes and the characters.

-According to their vertical position (from top to bottom).

-According to their horizontal  position (left, centre, right).

*There are three scenes. The upper one is the most important as is represents paradise. The central one is less important because it takes places on Earth, however it is more relevant than the lower one because Christ and the apostles can be seen.

*In the second scene, the most important figure is in the centre because it is Christ, whereas those at the sides are the apostles.

2. Identification of the characters.

*In the upper scene we can see God (with the halo and the cross inside).

*On the right, the Virgin is sitting down. In the centre we can see Christ surrounded by the apostles (barefoot and with a halo without the cross inside).

*In the lower areas there are three kings (wearing crowns)

3. Identification of other symbols.

*The central scene takes place on Earth, as there is a tree.

4. Meaning of the scenes.

*The lower one represents three kings (physical ancestors of Christ) and three prophets (spiritual ancestors).

*The central scene shows the death of the Virgin, witnessed by the apostles and Christ, who descended from heaven to receive her soul.

*In the upper area, Christ has placed the Virgin to his right and is giving her his sceptre, while the angel is crowning her. This represents his intention of sharing with her the kingdom of heaven.

 Gothic sculpture from the north transept of Chartres Cathedral, portraying Old Testament figures. Left to right: Melchizedeck, the Old Testament priest; Abraham with his son Issac; and Moses holding the tablets of the old law.

 

Virgin and  Child. Notre Dame. Paris.

Art Glossary.

Arco de medio punto. Semi-circular arch.

Arco apuntado. Pointed arch.

Arco lobulado.

Types of vaults.

Bóveda nervada. Nerved Vault.

Planta de Cruz Latina. Latin Cross ground plan.

Planta de Cruz Griega. Greek Cross Plan.

 

Girola (Deambulatorio). Ambulatory. Floor plan.

 

Girola (Deambulatorio). Ambulatory.

 

Central nave. Prague.

 

Crucero. Crossing. Sigüenza cathedral.

 

Transepto. Transept. Amiens cathedral.

 

Ábside. Apse. Ground plan.

 

Ábside. Apse. San Martín de Frómista. Palencia.

 

Absidiolos. Side apses. Chartres cathedral ground plan.

 

Absidiolos. Side apses. San Martín de Frómista.

 

Exedra. Santa Sofia.  Istanbul.

 

Pechinas. Pendentives. Santa Sofia. Istanbul.

 

Trompas.

 

Portada. Portal.

 

Cimborrio. Valencia cathedral.

 

Cimborrio inside. Orense.

 

Contrafuertes. Buttresses.

 

Arbotantes. Flying buttresses.

 

Rosetón. Rose window.

Triforium and Claristorium . Burgos Cathedral.

Gothic dreams.

 

Milano Cathedral.

 

Milano Cathedral. 

 

Notre Dame gargoyle. Paris. 

 

Amiens Cathedral.

Burgos Cathedral.

Population pyramids. Types.

There are generally three types of population pyramids created from age-sex distributions--expansive, constrictive and stationary.

EXPANSIVE population pyramids show larger numbers or percentages of the population in the younger age groups. These types of pyramids are usually found in populations with very large fertility rates and lower than average life expectancies. The age-sex distributions of many Third World countries would probably display expansive population pyramids.

CONSTRICTIVE population pyramids display lower numbers or percentages of younger people. The age-sex distributions of the United States fall into this type of pyramid.

STATIONARY or near-stationary population pyramids display somewhat equal numbers or percentages for almost all age groups. Of course, smaller figures are still to be expected at the oldest age groups. The age-sex distributions of some European countries, especially Scandinavian ones, will tend to fall into this category. 

 

Physical blank world map.

 

Physical blank world map.

Pysical world map.